Overview of embedded systems, Arduino ecosystem, board types, and applications.

Arduino board architecture, pin configuration, installing Arduino IDE, and first program (Blink).

Structure of Arduino programs, variables, data types, control statements, and functions.

LEDs, switches, push buttons, PWM, analog sensors, and ADC concepts.

Temperature, light, motion sensors, buzzers, relays, and motor basics.

Serial communication, UART basics, introduction to I2C and SPI using Arduino.

Project integration, debugging tips, power management basics, and real-world use cases.