Overview of embedded systems, Arduino ecosystem, board types, and applications.

Arduino board architecture, pin configuration, installing Arduino IDE, and first program (Blink).

Structure of Arduino programs, variables, data types, control statements, and functions.

LEDs, switches, push buttons, PWM, analog sensors, and ADC concepts.

Temperature, light, motion sensors, buzzers, relays, and motor basics.

Home automation basics, sensor-based systems, and simple IoT-ready projects.

Project integration, debugging tips, power management basics, and real-world use cases.