Overview of mechatronics engineering, integration of mechanical, electrical and electronic systems, evolution of modern vehicles, technician responsibilities and workshop safety guidelines.

Basics of voltage, current, battery systems, grounds, fuses, relays, wiring harness layouts, power distribution, circuit protection and electrical fault identification techniques.

Understanding types of sensors (speed, position, pressure, temperature, oxygen), actuators (motors, solenoids, injectors), signal flow, feedback loops and common fault symptoms.

Structure and function of electronic control units, input–output processing, data mapping, engine control strategies, communication pathways and ECU-based fault diagnosis.

Detailed study of OBD systems, generic and manufacturer-specific codes, freeze-frame data, live data analysis, scanner usage, resets, adaptations and step-by-step diagnostic flow.

Networked automotive communication systems, CAN frames, network topology, signal flow, multiplexing, communication errors, gateway modules and diagnosing network faults.

Electronic fuel injection, ignition timing, air–fuel ratios, throttle systems (ETC), sensor calibration, fuel trimming, idle control and solving drivability issues using ECU data.

Anti-lock braking systems, stability control modules, airbag circuitry, crash sensors, restraint systems, calibration routines, error clearing and troubleshooting safety faults.

Central locking, power windows, lighting circuits, instrument clusters, HVAC actuators, climate sensors, BCM communication and diagnosing body-related electrical issues.

Interpreting service manuals, wiring symbols, color codes, tracing circuits, using multimeters and oscilloscopes, identifying short/open circuits and proper repair techniques.

EV architecture, battery management systems (BMS), electric motors, inverters, regenerative braking, cooling systems, safety protocols and basic HV troubleshooting awareness.

Use of multimeters, oscilloscopes, test probes, calibration tools, coding modules, teaching ECUs, performing adaptations and resetting control units after repair.

Students complete a diagnostic case, wiring repair or ECU-related project, demonstrate scanner usage, fault tracing, communication checks and finalize with a practical evaluation.